How to write a good college paper: 2020

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

Uk Essay Writers

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Friday, September 11, 2020

Write My Essay For Me

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Writing Essays

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Aussie Essay Writer

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Friday, August 28, 2020

Good Writing Vs Talented Writing

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Top eight Apps And Tools To Help You Write Your Essays In 2017

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Top eight Apps And Tools To Help You Write Your Essays In 2017

Wednesday, June 3, 2020

Self-Reflection and Cruel Irony in Amusements - Literature Essay Samples

Sherman AlexieÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in HeavenÃ¢â‚¬ is a collection of short stories all having to do with the relationship between Indians and white people or the growth and development of the main character, Victor. In the short story Ã¢â‚¬Å"Amusements,Ã¢â‚¬ the story of a drunken Indian man named Dirty Joe is told. Victor and his friend Sadie put Dirty Joe on a roller coaster when he is so inebriated that he is passed out, this leads to a crowd watching and laughing at Dirty Joe while he incoherently rides a roller coaster. While Alexie definitely creates a divide between white people and Indians, his main characer is forced to look at his own actions and reconsider how he can negatively affect this divide. If we look at VictorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s actions and reactions in Ã¢â‚¬Å"AmusementsÃ¢â‚¬ we will see that Victor recognizes that his actions are part of the problem with the divide between Indians and white men, which is important because it shows how a person has the potential to learn from the hardships of life and use these for personal growth. First and foremost, we see the blatant prejudice that the white people show against Indians. The fear of leaving Dirty Joe alone at the carnival is apparent, Ã¢â‚¬Å"we both knew we couldnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t leave another Indian passed out in the middle of a white carnival,Ã¢â‚¬ (55). This suggests that if Victor and Sadie were to leave Dirty Joe alone and passed out drunk, he could be harmed, arrested or even killed by white people. After fear is suggested, Victor explicitly tells the reader that he (and most Indians) Ã¢â‚¬Å"wear fear now like a turquoise choker, like a familiar shawl,Ã¢â‚¬ (55). This not only demonstrates that the Indians experience fear , but they live with it every day and they carry it with them everywhere, just like they would with clothes or jewelry. To add to the fear, Victor and Sadie are wildly outnumbered in this story, Ã¢â‚¬Å"I looked around and saw a crowd had gathered []. Twenty or thirty white facesÃ¢â‚¬ ¦,Ã¢â‚¬ (56). By showing how outnumbered Sadie and Victor are, Alexie shows how intimidating it was to be an Indian during this time. One of the more violent scenes in this story is when Victor passes two young boys who are mocking him, and one of the young boys Ã¢â‚¬Å"pointed his finger at me [Victor] and shot. Ã¢â‚¬ËœBang,Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ he yelled. Ã¢â‚¬ËœYouÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re dead, Indian,Ã¢â‚¬ (57). This shows how the entire white society is being raised with hatred towards Indian people, and how even a young boy has the agency to insult and threaten an adult man, simply because heÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Indian. Lastly, when the police show up to investigate whatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s going on with Dirty Joe, the carny points to Victor a nd tells the police that it was his fault. The police yelled at Victor saying, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ã¢â‚¬ËœOkay, chiefÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ [] Get your ass over here,Ã¢â‚¬ (57). The police call Victor Ã¢â‚¬Å"chiefÃ¢â‚¬ in a condescending way, which shows that even the people in position of authority showed prejudice against Indians. When the police yelled at Victor, he ran away and then Alexie added that the police officer Ã¢â‚¬Å"pulled out his billy club from his belt,Ã¢â‚¬ (58). This allows the reader to infer that the policeman was ready to hurt Victor, even though he had not yet been convicted of anything. This story exemplifies the racism and injustice that Victor experiences by the white people, which is the initial cause of the division between Indians and white people during this time. This is significant to the book as a whole because it allows Victor to understand that racism is ever present (if he didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t already) and it allows him to be able to ignore this and it will better his argument against racism. Alexie includes this to allow readers to see how Indian people are also treated unjustly by white people, Alexie said that he lives through each of his characters, so by writing about things he has experienced, it suggests that these things happen in real life.On the other hand, while Victor is actively threatening to hurt people of his own race, he is not exactly helping them out either. When he first find Dirty Joe passed out drunk he was upset to see him like this, Ã¢â‚¬Å"what the hell do we do with him?Ã¢â‚¬ (54). This doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t exactly suggest that Victor hates his Indian people, but it shows that he definitely lacks respect for people like Dirty Joe. After all of this, Sadie and Victor sit with Dirty Joe and white people being to crowd around and laugh at Dirty Joe. After everyone laughs at Dirty Joe, Victor says, Ã¢â‚¬Å"We should start charging admission for this show,Ã¢â‚¬ (55). Although this is sarcasm, Victor jokes about exploiting one of his peers for money, this shows that he does not value the people and thereÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a hint of sincerity in his voice when he talking about exploiting Dirty Joe. As the climax of this short story, Victor puts Dirty Joe on a roller coaster for everybody to laugh at him. Not only does Victor laugh and disrespect Dirty Joe, he puts him in extreme danger by putting him on this roller coaster when he is barely conscious. Despite the fact that Victor put Dirty Joe in danger, he and Sadie also planned on running away after they realized what had happened, Ã¢â‚¬Å"We walked fast and did our best to be anything but Indian,Ã¢â‚¬ (56). This shows that Victor would deny being Indian in order to stay out of trouble. All of these things contribute to the division between Indians and white people, by endangering a fellow Indian man, leaving him there while heÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s in danger and being laughed at and then denying his own heritage he undermines his arguments against white people and the discrimination he faces. Alexie Includes this to write to people who may be experiencing racism, this will help readers make sure they avoid causing themselves any extra strife. Perhaps the most significant passage of this short story is the Ã¢â‚¬Å"crazy mirrorsÃ¢â‚¬ passage. After Victor is running from the policeman, he ends up in a room full of fun house mirrors. The mirrors themselves could represent a distorted view of reality for Victor and the way he perceives himself and how he perceives society. In this passage he also realizes that he has made a mistake, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Crazy mirrors, I thought, the kind that distort your features, make you fatter, thinner, taller, shorter. The kind that make a white man remember heÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the master of ceremonies, barking about the Fat Lady, the Dog-Faced Boy, the Indian who gave up another Indian like a treaty,Ã¢â‚¬ (58). This is where Victor realizes what he did to Dirty Joe (offering him up as entertainment) was wrong and defeats his purpose of arguing against the discrimination of Indians. The last passage of the Ã¢â‚¬Å"crazy mirrorsÃ¢â‚¬ passage is Ã¢â‚¬Å"Crazy mirrors, I thought, the kind that can never change the dark of your eyes and the folding shut of the good part of your past,Ã¢â‚¬ (58). This is where Victor realizes that he will always be an Indian, and thereÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s nothing that he can do to take that part of him away. While Victor is being discriminated against by white people, he is also doing things that make the situation worse. However, this short story was included in this book because it shows how Victor made a mistake, and then learned from it. People often make mistakes and ignore the lesson behind them, but Victor took this in stride and used it to improve his character.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Preventing School Violence - 1446 Words

Preventing School Violence The number of extremely violent crimes occurring in schools has been increasing over the last three years. Incidents that deal with school violence occur 16,000 per school day, which is equivalent to once every six seconds (Kipnis 11). School violence has been around since the1950s, but back then it was more an issue of juvenile delinquency than violent behavior (Baker 3). Crime in and around schools is threatening the well being of students, as well as the staff and surrounding communities. When looking at the urgent problem of school violence one must take into account several factors including the characteristics of the offender, the causes for the violence occurring, and the solution techniques. ToÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Peers of violent offenders believe that the offenders take place in the violent incidents to fit into a crowd and do not think about the repercussions (Baker 33). Peer pressure is the fastest growing factor contributing to school violence (Gerson 46). Another factor that has been found to contributing to violence occurring in schools is drugs and alcohol. When investigated, prevention groups found no variation in the convenience for students to access drugs and alcohol (Kipnis 73). Students with different family incomes, location, and different ethnic backgrounds had the same access (Kipnis 74). In the last two years the consumption of alcohol during a school violence incident has increased thirty-nine percent (Futrell 6). Society believes that violence occurs only in bad neighborhoods; this is false (Gerson 39). School violence has been found in all neighborhoods. In rural neighborhoods, school violence occurs ten percent of the time, occurs thirty percent in suburban schools, and occurs sixty percent in urban schools (Kipnis 69). Violence is also occurring at all school levels. It has been found that thirty percent of the violence occurs in elementary schools and seventy percent of the time occurs in secondary schools (Kipnis 70). School violence has also been found to occur more in males than females. Males are the victims of school violence eighty-threeShow MoreRelatedPreventing School Violence608 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 2 Pagesor experienced some form of school violence is growing at an alarming rate. School violence has been increasing rapidly but there are ways to prevent it. School violence is defined as anything that jeopardizes a schools educational mission. This includes bullying, fights, assault, harassment, and even shootings. Over the years, there has been an increase in cases. But, there are ways to slow the increase of school violence. School violence is posing harm to schools across the United States. PreventionRead More Increasing Student Achievement through Preventing School Violence3204 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 13 PagesIncreasing Student Achievement through Preventing School Violence Introduction School violence is any type of violence, whether it is a simple threat on another student or a school shooting, that happens in the school environment. Student achievement is the efforts made by the student to work hard in the classroom. The purpose of this research paper is to examine how school violence impacts student achievement. It would seem that school violence would have a negative impact on studentRead MoreA Research Proposal On Preventing School Violence1089 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesTitle: Preventing School Violence Aim: The primary goal for this proposal is to provide the staff with recommendations to design a research proposal studying the violence in our public schools. Methods of prevention should be discussed on how to prevent reoccurring violence or how we can lessen the opportunities of school violence. These recommendations are ones that create a positive and safe environment for both students and staff. My recommendations will cover the following aspects: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ EducationRead MoreSchools Are Developing Prevention Strategies For Profiling, Screening, And Preventing Acts Of Violence1423 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesdiscussed crises in schools. The rise of school violence has caused a great deal of public concern and has received widespread media coverage. Especially when its occurrence happens in communities where residents thought they were immune. The reality of the world is crisis can occur anywhere, even in schools. Schools are developing prevention strategies for profiling, screening, and preventing acts of violence both to oneself and to others. Contemporary crisis strategies in schools deal not only withRead MoreSchool Violence Essay1154 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesPreventing school violence has been an issue in our society for so long it has almost become commonplace. According to an article on www.infoplease.com, since the year 2000, there have been a recorded 64 shooting related incidents that involved publicly occupied areas. That is an occurrence of almost five per year. Of those 64, 94% of these incidents were school related shootings. The violence goes from elementary schools all the way up to college universities. The statistics are not pretty by anyRead MoreThe Violence Of Public Schools871 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesIn recent times, several mass shootings have occurred in several places. Sadly, public schools in America have been venues for these mass shootings. How do we reduce these shootings? How do we ensure that the lives of our kids are safe? These are the questions parents all over America are asking. A lot of suggestions have been made to the government concerning the issue of mass shootings. Some say government have to ban the purchase of guns, others say there should be background checks, while othersRead MoreMetal Detectors Should Not Be Scanned, Treated Like A Criminal?954 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pages Would you like to come to school like a prisoner? To be scanned, treated like a criminal? Of course not. Adding metal detectors to schools would do just that. It would be unjust and downright disrespectful. The schools are saying they don t trust its own people. Speaker ________ said that using metal detectors reduces the risk of entering school with weapons. However, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, metal detectors are usually not effective when used on purses, backpacks, briefcasesRead MoreRampage Shootings : The Social Roots Of School Shootings1393 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesRampage-style school shootings are rare and tragic events. Although measures of prevention have become more advanced, school shootings have increased in frequency over the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. Here in the United States, they have become especially prevalent, with 63 shootings just this year (Acevedo). The aftermath of rampage shootings leaves gaping holes and questions in communities. People try to heal and seek closure at their own pace, but the biggest question most are leftRead More We Must Work to Prevent Mass School Shootings Essay1394 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages There have been many horror stories in the news about mass shooting s at schools. The public, and even the president of the United States, is asking if anything can be done to prevent these tragedies. There are many theories on why students kill their peers at schools; these range from increased violence in video games and movies to bullying troubles at school. Almost always, the perpetrator suffers from some form of mental illness (Khadaroo). Because of this, motives for these crimes areRead More Violence in Our Schools Essay1257 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages Violence in our Schools Children today are growing up in an increasingly violent atmosphere, both in society in general and in their schools. While there is no easy answer as to how to end this violence once and for all, we can look at some of the causes and take steps to contain that which we can. The main contributing factor in all recent school shootings has been the shootersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ feelings that they were bullied by and alienated from the rest of the children and were made to feel that they were

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Thomson Holidays Need to Develop Strategies

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Thomson Holidays Need to Develop Strategies. Answer: Introduction: This particular study provides an in-depth insight on the essence of effective marketing management structure within an organization. Marketing management is a systematic process that controls the entire process of business by designing, planning and analysing various activities in order to reach the target audience. An effective marketing management structure is very important in order to run an organization successfully. By implementing effective marketing management, the organization gets the scope to know their position in the market. Moreover, the organization can be aware of competitors business strategy and policy for generating the demand in market. As per the competitors strategy, the organization likes to change their marketing management policy so that they can throw a challenge can generate demand in the market by defeating the competitors. This particular study has focused to choose Thomsons Holidays Travel Group, one of the most popular travel operators, founded in the year 1965. Roy Thomson is the founder of this particular company, based on Toronto. Coming from a backward society, Roy Thomson was initially an owner of Radio station. He has followed every step of business strategy and policy skilfully and finally established a travel operating company named Thomsons Holidays Travel Group. After implementing innovative marketing management strategy and policy, this particular company has achieved a huge success among the travelling organizations. Now, Thomsons Holidays Travel Group is able to receive international glory and success by expanding their business in the multinational countries. For that purpose, various situation analysis of this particular organization, their objectives regarding effective marketing management system, their marketing mix strategy have been pointed out. Figure1: Logo of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group (Source: thomson.co.uk 2016) Situation Analysis based on Thomas Holidays Travel Group: Situation analysis allows the marketing managers to implement various methods into the process of business so that they can understand and analyse the internal and the external environment of the organization (Beverland et al. 2010). By implementing various theatrical models as well as framework, marketing managers are able to understand how the organization should proceed in order to communicate with the customers by providing them quality product and service for satisfying their needs and demand. The marketing mangers of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group have decided to follow situation analysis based on Michael Porters five forces, SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis. Porters five forces: The business analysis framework of porters five forces is one of the effect tools for understanding a business situation. With the help of this particular model, Thomsons Holidays Travel Group is able to understand the competitive situation and the position of their brand in the market. Poters five forces models is based on based on five key elements based on which this particular organization is able to realize their actual position in the market and their areas of improvement in marketing strategy in order to survive in the travel industry (De Chernatony 2010). Thomsons Holidays Travel Group has enhanced their marketing management strategy by using Porters five forces. Porters five forces Key points Supplier Power The bargaining power of the suppliers is high Supplies of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group are able to create market urgency. Buyer Power The bargaining power of the buyers are low Consumers intend to drive down product. As a result, they are able to purchase product in low prices. As the competitors market of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group is high, the managers have decided to allow the customers for diving down the cost of their product so that they can show their interest to purchase the product. Competitive Rivalry Competitors rivalry implies the capability of the competitors for creating demand in the market. Thomsons Holidays Travel Group have many competitors such as Carrier Holidays, Ampersand Travel, Expedia UK, Divequest and so on. This particular organization has to face many challenges in order to maintain their image in the travel industry As the position of the competitors of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group, the marketing managers have to change their business strategy and policy. Threat for Substitution It is very easy for the customers to switch their decision for purchasing their product from one organization to its substitutes or to the competitors. In order to overcome this sort of threats, Thomsons Holidays Travel Group has planned to implement some innovative strategies in their service qualities for drawing the attention of the customers. Threat of New entry Thomsons Holidays Travel Group has been established their business in 1965 This specific organization has to face immense challenges thrown by the competitors in order to survive in the travel industry. After that, the marketing managers of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group have decided to follow effective promotional activity mentioning their quality service and product by utilizing the popularity of media. Table 1: Situation analysis on Porters five forces (Source: Hutt and Speh 2012) Figure 2: Porters five forces (Source: Johanson and Mattsson 2012) PESTEL Analysis: With the help of a PESTEL analysis, the marketing managers are able to analyse the external environment and factors of a business process that affect highly in order to maintain a rhythmic flow of an organization. The factors that have a greater impact on the marketing business policy of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group are as follows: Political: The political environment of UK supports Thomsons Holidays Travel Group to run their business systematically. Thomas Holidays Group tends to perform their business following the systematic manner. One of the major aspects followed by the organization is their participations in forming the marketing policies with help of rules and regulations imposed by the government. These regulations include social welfare policies, environmental policies, trading policies, etc. Economic: The economic status of UK at the current scenario is high that helps various tourism companies including Thomsons Holidays Travel Group to expand their business process (Kapferer 2012). In a market research made by the marketing managers of this specific organization, it has been observed that the average income of the target customers of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group allows purchasing the product of this company. From the report published in the previous year, it has been observed that the current state of UK economy is feasible, thus, it provides sustainability to the tourism organization in the dynamic environment. It has been observed that Thomson Holidays Group insists on some particular factors like taxation policies, marketing trade cycles and overseas financial trends and policies of unemployment for deriving supremacy in the competitive market. Social: As Thomsons Holidays Travel Group has implemented diversity management inside the organization, they have chosen their target customers beyond going any geographical boundary and any particular religion and culture. As a result, this organization would not give any priority to the specific society. Automatically, the number of customers would increase in order to purchase their product. In addition, it has been identified that due to the increasing popularity in the market, the buying behaviour of the customers get influenced and purchase the products and services. Technological: UK being a developed country is possessed with the technological advancements with the help of which Thomsons Holidays Travel Group is able to make effective marketing mix strategy inside the business. In addition, based on current report it is identified that as the country UK is a developing nation, the technological innovation helps the organization to satisfy the requirements of the customers in an effective manner. The marketing managers of the organization take the help of social media to assess the significant information regarding the customers. Lastly, with the help of public forum and the influence of social media Thomson Group of Holidays increase the profit margin. Environmental: As the organization Thomson Holidays Group is running the business in tourism sector, the natural disasters and changes in the climate could slow down the business of the company. Nevertheless, it can be added that environmental situation is not entirely possible to predict. Thomson Holidays is not in the state of dealing with the changes in climate. Legal: Some of the relevant legislations like health and safety act, right to information act, data protection act should be maintain at the workplace so that both the employees and the customers of Thomsons Holidays Travel Group can take an effective legal steps if required (Peter 2010). Figure 3: PESTEL analysis (Source: Kotler and Armstrong 2010) SWOT Analysis: By conducting SWOT analysis, the organization like Thomsons Holidays Travel Group is able to understand different factors like the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats. Through the implementation of SWOT analysis, it has been identified that organization maintains an effective customer services systems. The organization analyzes the feedbacks provided by the customers. Based on the analysis, they do further modifications in the services. The customers complaints are recorded and thereafter speedy solutions are provided. On the other side, the managers of Thomson Holidays Group have poor decision making skills; thus, they fail in implementing the global strategies like expanding the business and setting pricing strategies. In addition, the promotional strategies are not effective enough to gain popularity in global market. On the other hand, the organization has the opportunity to expand the business in global market as it takes the franchises. Unlike the opportunities, Thomson Group has to deal with some external and internal threats like aggressive marketing strategies and poor experience of employees in using the technologies. Strength Effective customer service system Direct marketing Providing effective feedback to the customers queries and needs Weakness Communication gap inside the marketing management team Lack of effective decision making Opportunity Expanding business in the international field with the help of changing business policy Threat Competitors market strategy Becoming unaccustomed with the changing technology Table 2: SWOT Analysis (Source: Michaelidou et al. 2011) Figure 4: SWOT Analysis (Source: Moutinho 2011) Different objectives of Thomson Holiday Group Thomsons Holiday Group intends to implement an effective marketing management plan for reaching several objectives (Mudie and Pirrie 2012). The purpose of setting an objective is to promote the product of this organization to the target customers directly. Objectives have been made following the Smart Model: Specific To enhance the sale of tourism package by next year Measureable To expand the business in the global market in next two years Attainable To initiate five innovative strategy for providing effective service to the customers within next years Relevant To maintain the loyalty of the brand by interacting with the customers more effectively in future Times bound To increase the margin of profit by selling more products in the coming years As per the statistical data available in the official website of Thomson holiday, it has been observed that the monthly income of almost fifty percent customers of Thomson holidays is more that 50,000 per year. As a result, they have made their holiday packages based on the target customers. In order to create a market demand Thomson holidays has launched a sensatori resort surrounded with swimming suits. As per the survey report made by Thomson holiday group in the year 2009, it has been pointed out that people have considered the holiday destinations as a part of their necessity rather than luxury (thomson.co.uk 2016). Identifying Segment, targeting and positioning: While running business in a competitive market, it is necessary for the organization to target a particular audience for its specific products and services. From the researches done on the markets, it has been observed that target audience of a particular products and services are not alike. The market could differ with respect to demographic, attitude, needs, social affiliation and location. However, as mentioned by Kaynak et al. (2010) most of the markets are made of different types of customers, segments or sub-market. In addition, it has also been identified that segmentation and targeting of buyers could allow the market to provide a product and service within a target audience requirements and demands. Thus, it is compulsory for the organization to form the needs and values of target audience within each segment while promoting products or launching a new product in the market (Saraniemi and Kylnen, 2010). Geographic Segmentation: This segmentation may require the organization to divide the market into several geographical units like region, states, neighborhoods and states. Thomson Holidays is known as worldwide travel retailer and it provides services to people around the globe. Thus, the organization needs to separate its customers into multiple groups in accordance to different countries regions. Thus, the organization could meet needs and demands of customers. In addition, from the previous annual report, it is identified that the organization has experienced a considerable amount of growth due to its strategies implementation in terms of meeting the needs of customers as stated by Alebaki and Iakovidou (2011). Therefore, it can be added that the organization may not find it difficult to develop its service geographically. Demographic Segmentation: In this particular segmentation, the market is divided into several groups based on different variables such as gender, age, and family life cycle, disposal income (Hinch and Higham 2011). The organization is more concerned with dividing its market demographically. Thus, it can be added that Thomson Holidays could attract all people and it must have to consider some of its services meet the needs of both men and women. In addition, the company has to design its services on the culture of modern families that have the tendency to travel the world. On the other side, it has to develop its products and services on the trends of retired people. The retired people could choose large packages for their families (Inoue and Lee 2011). Therefore, the organization needs should provide more options in the packages for those people. Psychographic Segmentation: As mentioned by Ashworth and Page (2011) this segmentation could divide the customers into various groups based on social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics. This can be appropriately observed while running the business globally. The life style of people may differ based on the society, class, education, generation, etc. It has been analyzed that due to multiple economic states people prefer to differentiate the benefits, which could be a significant factor for Thomas Holidays in terms of designing the travel types. For example, it can be added that organization needs to design the pricing structure based on preference of people. Furthermore, it can be added organization could use premium pricing strategies for its products and services for the people of UK as the country has stable economy. Thus, the people of UK maintain a trendy life style (Pesonen et al.2011). Behavioural segmentation: This segmentation could divide the customers based on their experience, knowledge, attitude, reaction to a product, etc. For example, it can be mentioned that some people could like to shop in metropolis. On the contrary, other people may like to have some rest in countryside (Assaker et al. 2011). Therefore, the organization Thomson Holidays should have to project travel routes for different types of people. In addition, it can also be added that while offering the services to knowledgeable people, it is necessary for the organization to charge equal prices for the packages. The experienced people could switch to other luxury brands due to issue of pricing. On this particular context, Thomson Holidays could provide some additional deals and offers with the same packages for these experienced customers. Targeting: Thomson Holidays have segregated the target customers in two categories that include differentiated and undifferentiated. Differentiated customers are those who have been provided primary importance as their target audience. For This particular organization like Thomson Holidays, differentiated customers are family members, retired persons mainly. As per their experience through the market survey, family members pay attention for going various holiday destinations for spending their leisure. Moreover, retired persons have also been treated with equal priority as they wish to enjoy the beauty of nature after their retirement. Among the undifferentiated target customers, Thomson has paid their attention to newly married couple, young generations, friend circles, middle-aged persons and so on. Positioning: Thomson holiday group is eager to provide a good service to the customers. For that purpose, they wish to position their brand in such a way that it can easily draw the attention of the customers. In order to position their brand in the market Thomson holidays has primarily focused on three factors that include Quality, price and premium. They have intended to focus on the quality of the product. Customers have been offered quality product with effective services in order to draw the attention of the customers. While promoting the brand in the market, the marketing managers of Thomson holidays have decided to mention their process of customer service system and the ingredients of their product to create a market demand. Thomson holidays has intended to set the price package for both the customers such as premium customers and lower customers. The target group of this particular organization is very high. They are enough successful to draw the attention of the diverse people. They have selected their target group beyond going any specific geographical boundary. Therefore, different price package systems have been prepared for the people. They can purchase the product as per their economic strength. On the other hand, the overarching term premium signifies the level of giving priority. The premium clients for this particular organization are family and retired persons. They have provided various discounts in their family holiday package so that the organization can easily draw the attention of the customers. Utilizing the popularity of media, this particular organization is able to draw the attention of the customers by positioning their brands and services in electronic media, print media as well as new media. Figure 5: Financial position of Thomson holidays (Source: thomson.co.uk 2016) Marketing Mix strategy of Thomson Holiday Group It is evident that marketing in tourism is slightly different than other market among different. In travelling industry, the major aim of tourism is the production and placement of services to meet the broad range of customers around the globe as mentioned by Good allss and Ashworth (2013). It needs to facilitate the exchange technique on the tourism business. Another significant thing, which needs to be considered in tourism marketing, is, final products do not have the physical product but it could be consumed at the time of production. This could lead to some certain benefits, which may be tangible and intangible for the customers. Figure 6: 7Ps of marketing of Thomson Holidays (Source: Morrison 2013) Product: It has been observed that tourism product is a set of complex activities like different physical resources, activities and service. For example, it can be added that the organization Thomson Groups could focus on the destination attractiveness. They should focus on natural and social characteristic of destination. They could aim the places like Maldives where they could add additional features like the honeymoon package, retirement package, and seasonal packages at less cost, which is slightly lower than competitors are. In addition, the organization Thomson Holidays needs to widen the types of tourism like adding medical tourism, urban tourism, and culture tourism. However, it has been observed that competitors in the industry are more focused on in expanding the types of products. On this particular context, the organization Thomson Holidays needs to provide some additional benefits like giving free transportation around the place the customers choose for travelling. In addition, i n some of the packages, they need to provide food and beverage at free of cost. Price of the products: As argued by Morrison (2013) pricing of tourism of products is one of the difficult tasks to be performed. It is evident that under the state of competition, it will not be a smart approach to set high price for the products and services. In this particular case, the organization Thomson Holidays should charge the price of the products by analyzing the cost of running the business, intention to pay the demand and price of the competitors in the industry. Therefore, the organization should implement rack rate pricings strategies, on which they could charge the price based on the promotional materials without discounts. For example, in Asian market, especially in the countries like China, the price of seasonal product in urban tourism should be around $400-$600. However, while setting the price for these of products, the organization should be aware of fact that price has to cover production price and ensure benefits. Promotion: Bornhorst et al. (2010) commented that promotion is considered to provide support for the placement of product in the tourism industry and it could create awareness about the products. Therefore, it can be mentioned that goal of promotional mix is to provide an effective image of the tourism product to potential customers. The organization Thomson Holidays could participate in trade fair in different countries to convey the message about their products and services. Moreover, the company could collaborate with airline organizations, where they identify types of customers and their background. Based on the identifications they could develop the products and service. Lastly, the company could focus on the advertising strategies for promoting their products and services. Positioning: Product positioning is also one of the tricky tasks to be performed. Positioning of products is quite similar to distribution of product as mentioned by Keller et al. (2011). On this context, Thomson Holidays needs to provide the information about its products through different channels like trade show, reseller, and website pages. In addition to all these, they could focus on a particular place like China, Maldives, Malaysia and other Asian countries where the countrys economy is stabilized. People: The organization in tourism industry could focus on different types of people. As the organization Thomson Holidays is running the business globally, they should focus on the people like honeymoon couples, retired person, sports person, employees, etc. Process: Thomson Holidays could make an easier process, which customer could find it easy to access in terms of choosing destinations. The company should effectively develop its website portal where the customers could visit the page, access the flight details and airlines the sends the bookings reference and lastly the customers could catch the flight on time. Physical evidence: As discussed earlier, Thomson Holidays could provide all its information regarding the products and services on its website. The information like, transport cost, food cost, images of places, security, etc. Thus, the customers could be free from the risks. Figure 7: Top ten holiday destinations offered by Thomson holidays travels (Source: thomson.co.uk 2016) Recommendation: Based on the discussion on existing researches, it has been observed that Thomsons strategies are not as effective as its competitors are. With the development of products, the company also needs to focus on developing the pricing strategies. As the rivals use aggressive pricing strategies, the Thomson Holidays needs to focus on penetrative pricing strategies for increasing market share. Conclusion: On the completion of the assignment, it can be mentioned that Thomson Holidays need to develop strategies since they run the business in dynamic market, where the economy of the countries could change with situation. In addition, the organization needs to widen its product ranges that meet the needs and demands of customers. They should implement the pricing strategies based on the demands as high price in the state of uncertain economy could throw a decline in the profits. Reference List: Alebaki, M. and Iakovidou, O., 2011. Market segmentation in wine tourism: A comparison of approaches.Tourismos,6(1), pp.123-140. Ashworth, G. and Page, S.J., 2011. Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current paradoxes.Tourism Management,32(1), pp.1-15. Assaker, G., Vinzi, V.E. and OConnor, P., 2011. Examining the effect of novelty seeking, satisfaction, and destination image on tourists return pattern: A two factor, non-linear latent growth model.Tourism Management,32(4), pp.890-901. Beverland, Michael, and Adam Lindgreen 2010. "What makes a good case study? A positivist review of qualitative case research published in Industrial Marketing Management, 19712006."Industrial Marketing Management39.1 (2010), pp.56-63. Bornhorst, T., Ritchie, J.B. and Sheehan, L., 2010. Determinants of tourism success for DMOs destinations: An empirical examination of stakeholders' perspectives.Tourism management,31(5), pp.572-589. De Chernatony, L., 2010.Creating powerful brands. Routledge. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013.Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Hinch, T. and Higham, J., 2011.Sport tourism development(Vol. 13). Channel view publications. Hutt, M. and Speh, T., 2012.Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Inoue, Y. and Lee, S., 2011. Effects of different dimensions of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance in tourism-related industries. Tourism Management, 32(4), pp.790-804. Johanson, J. and Mattsson, L.G. 2012. Marketing investments and market investments in industrial networks.International Journal of Research in Marketing,2(3), pp.185-195. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Kaynak, E., Bloom, J. and Leibold, M., 2010. Using the Delphi technique to predict future tourism potential.Marketing Intelligence Planning,12(7), pp.18-29. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I. 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Kotler, P., and Armstrong, G. 2010.Principles of marketing. pearson education. Lee, K. and Carter, S., 2011. Global marketing management.Strategic Direction,27(1). Pp.90-100. Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N.T. and Christodoulides, G., 2011. Usage, barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands.Industrial Marketing Management,40(7), pp.1153-1159. Morrison, A.M., 2013.Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge. Moutinho, L. ed., 2011.Strategic management in tourism. CABI. Mudie, P. and Pirrie, A., 2012.Services marketing management. Routledge. Pesonen, J., Komppula, R., Kronenberg, C. and Peters, M., 2011. Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism.Tourism Review,66(3), pp.32-49. Peter W. 2010. "A review of portfolio planning models for industrial marketing and purchasing management."European Journal of marketing 243 (1990), pp.7-22. Saraniemi, S. and Kylnen, M., 2010. Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An analysis of different theoretical approaches.Journal of Travel Research. thomson.co.uk (2016). Thomson | Holidays designed for you. Only from Thomson. [online] Available at: https://www.thomson.co.uk [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016].

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Love In 20th Century Essays - Eli, Return, Eli Dingle,

Love In 20th Century Love in 20th century is entirely different from when Marie De France lived. In her time, she wrote a sweet story of two women who love the same man, Eliduc. He leaves his wife, Guildeluec to go fight in another country even though she is devastated by his decision. During his excursion he ends up with a younger woman named Guilliadun. The two fall madly in love. Ultimately, Guildeluec detects the affair and behaves with not a shread of jealousy or desire for revenge. The way she tells the story is surprisingly peaceful considering Eliduc lies to both women. However, my version of Eliduc, is written in 2000 mode. The society has metamorphosed into a chaotic blend of moral dysfunction. Many are unwilling to mend broken relationships. Instead, they choose to lie, cheat and deceive those who have been faithful and true to them. The repercussions of these betrayals are far more nauseating than Guildeluec's reaction to Eliduc's affair. Beware, if you loved Marie's version this might be too intense for some readers. First, the names of the characters are a bit more modern than the monograms Marie used. Now, Eliduc is called Eli, Guildeluec is Gail and Guilliadun is Jill. Here is how the story goes in 2000. Eli and Gail were together all through high school. They eventually got married because their love had grown into a bond of true friendship and love. The two-shared happiness but Eli would focus the majority of his time on his career. Gail accepted Eli's ambition and never really gave him trouble about it. She had enough to do between work and home. Besides, Eli was a good policeman. He always took pride in his work and the chief always favored him. He treated him special. One day Eli came home from work exasperated because some of the other guys on the force were jealous of Eli. He told Gail "they told the chief I sell and use drugs!" "I can't believe this, now the chief wants me gone." Gail said, "oh sweetheart, we can work this out. Things will be fine. We have enough money with my salary at the hospital to last us until the chief comes around. I could even ask some of the other nurses if I can pick up another shift" Eli answered, "I am going away for a while. I got a job offer in the South. Gail shrieks, "what do you mean? You know I can't leave this hospital because of my contract. You're just going to take off on me?" He says, "I love my work and if that bastard does not appreciate my services; I'm going elsewhere. I'm sorry because I know this will be hard on us but I promise I will be true to you, Gail. I love you." "I guess there is nothing I can say to change your mind", she says. "I'll be here when you're ready to come home. I love you too." Gail sobbed as she walked away, not because Eli was abandoning her but the feeling in her stomach felt inexplicable. For some reason she sensed a disastrous situation coming. Gail yearned for the ache to go away, but it lingered for weeks. Eli arrived in the South and the new chief had not recalled talking to him about the job. Aggravated, Eli told him "I will go to another city and fight their drug war if you don't want me." The chief welcomed Eli because the city had an immense drug problem. Suddenly, the alarm sounded in the station! There was an emergency; a riot had broken out in a dangerous section of the city. There was a shortage of officers on duty. Eli jumped in a cruiser and sped off to find the violators. At the scene, blood was everywhere. People were screaming and crying. The protestors were spewing vulgarities at the policemen. Eli witnessed two officers go down, and many of the other cops hesitated to break up the chaos. Eli took action and planned a route to raid the rioters. It worked. Eli attacked the leader; scrambled, fought, and clubbed the drug dealer until he was under Eli's control. Since Eli apprehended one of the biggest drug dealers in the city, everyone on the force praised him. Actually, the chief was so happy he wanted to celebrate that night by having a party. There were numerous people at the party. Eli met what felt like a million people, but only one face stuck

Saturday, March 14, 2020

My Deepest Fear Essay Essays

My Deepest Fear Essay Essays My Deepest Fear Essay Essay My Deepest Fear Essay Essay Essay Topic: Deep One of the biggest lies of all time told is that slumber is the best speculation. For as I lie down to rest each dark. I toss and turn for hours on terminal. troubled by the happenings of each twenty-four hours. overwhelmed by the errors IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ve undeniably made. and haunted by the errors I will doubtless do tomorrow. The restlessness caused by my insecurities neer ceases to get the better of me. And in an effort to get away the experiential panics of being. I write. Until my diary is filled to the endÃ¢â‚¬ ¦until my eyes easy descend. I writeÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ I have been reading since I was two old ages old. Because it is by and large non in the nature of yearlings to grok modest literary plants. I did non read books. Alternatively. I read my milieus. analysing both periods of pleasance and pieces of disparity. subconsciously retaining non the former but the latter. And as books come to life in the head. mirroring gesture images. I remember my childhood as such. Watching my female parent. so immature. being beaten by legion Ã¢â‚¬Å"boyfriendsÃ¢â‚¬ proved damaging to my guiltless mind. Not merely were these work forces crushing her. they were crushing this thought of normality into my caput that IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢d sum to nil greater. IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢d achieve nil more than what my female parent had. holding had two kids at 18 with no high school sheepskin to decrease unforgiving fortunes. And I sit in school feeling as if my dreams. at the really root of them. hold dried up like raisins in the sunÃ¢â‚¬ ¦I sit in my categories penetrating my fate so intently that I am simply feigning to understand what is being taught. Therefore. despite the words of the august Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. my deepest fright is. in fact. that I am unequal. I fear that I am non good plenty and the undertaking of confuting this apprehension has been backbreaking. cognizing that every twenty-four hours. something has tried to destruct me and has merely fallen short. And I am diffident if this item is worthy of jubilation. And I wonderÃ¢â‚¬ ¦has my tegument colour betrayed me? Has my inkiness. this skin color which I was taught to happen so beautiful. stricken me with the imprecation of holding to turn up in a poorness consumed vicinity. dependent upon the authorities to house and feed me ; the same vicinity that gunned my male parent down and took the lives of several of my equals. It canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t beÃ¢â‚¬ ¦that my skin color has become so obvious that I am invariably holding to alter my frock. and adjust my tone to suit the demands of a disapproving bulk. Some position my sable race with contemptuous oculus. My colour is a devilish dyeÃ¢â‚¬ ¦to those who donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t see. that I am human first before I am black. Or is my sex the perpetrator? Has my being a adult female determined my destiny? Because as a member of an intersectional community it is known all excessively good that I am stricken by these procedures of sexism. and subjugation ; non working independently of one another. but interconnected. organizing a kind of junction. or intersection. of mul tiple signifiers of favoritism. But this canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t beÃ¢â‚¬ ¦because harmonizing to female parent Maya Angelou. I am a adult female phenomenallyÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ And I know all excessively good that the caged bird sings for freedom. I have been so long stricken by the rough worlds of my upbringingÃ¢â‚¬ ¦and I have been so long weltering in self-pity that I have forgotten my heritage and it shames me. Kings and Queens of Africa inhabit me. Affonso and Amina. Idris and Makeda. who are my ascendants. would certainly be affronted to cognize that I have non realized what it has been in my nature to make: get the better of. defy. and amaze. And it is here that my African roots assert themselves. coercing me to mount the foothills of my uncertainty. the mountains of my false lower status. and extremums least traveled by. And as I stand at the precipice of lifeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s enigmas. this Pennsylvania State University precipice. I am all of a sudden intertwined with a household consummated non merely of the people of my fatherland. Africa. but of the woods of Asia. the Waterss of the Caribbean. the jungles of South America. and the mountains of EuropeÃ¢â‚¬ ¦these people of changing colourss. sexes. and civilizations who have defied quandaries much different than my ain. And we stand. hushed. equal. en masse. And it is here that I hear Mr. Mandela speak to me. Ã¢â‚¬Å"As we are liberated from our ain fright. our presence automatically liberates others. Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦whether it be those of our ain lineagesÃ¢â‚¬ ¦or those of line of descents wholly dissimilar.

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Statement Example The subjects of Economics and programming classes of C language and Matlab were also part of my undergraduate course of Electrical Engineering. I have the honor of having worked as Ã¢â‚¬Å"treasuryÃ¢â‚¬ for my school organization. In addition to that, I frequently open stock market and buy stocks. I also have a lot of knowledge about various engineering, applied mathematics, finance, and economics tools that are frequently employed in problem solving techniques used in strategic planning, risk management, and investment. I would like to mention that I chose to study Electrical Engineering at the undergraduate level so that I would be able to serve in the firm that my father owns. My father wants me to take charge of the work once I am done with my studies. In order to run the business in the competitive market scenario, it is imperative that I equip myself with good skills on the financial side of the business as well. Having realized the importance of Financial Engineering in the c ontemporary world, I started reading books on the very subject. As I learnt more, my interest in Financial Engineering studies grew further. My father wants me to take complete hold of his business because he wants to see me leading his firm in the right direction in his life.

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Marijuana legalization in the United States Essay

Marijuana legalization in the United States - Essay Example The push to decriminalize marijuana has been going on for years. It started in the early 1970s in the region of Oregon and increased as days went by with people pushing for its use claiming it had medical uses as well as for recreational purposes. There was gradual acceptance of the substance with various states addressing the issue from various angles according to what was felt right by the law makers there. Colorado was the first one to legalize marijuana up to a certain level in 2005 after fifty four percent of the votes to determine the issue voted in favor of its legalization. The other municipals that followed include Pennsylvania in 2014, Washington DC in the same year and New York City. Many states have passed laws that are in favor of its use up to certain levels though none has been bold enough to allow it production and use at the users discretion.Ã‚ The State of Oregon made the initial step in the fight to allow the use of cannabis and decriminalize it in early 1970s. T his move was faced by different opinions from various people in the government and also from the citizens who had the perception that the use of marijuana is linked with various criminal activities and the medical attributes it is given are vague and non-existent. However, lobby groups could not relent and the move was accepted in other states and in 1975 Alaska also passed a law to decriminalize it. The law was to allow possession of up to 4 ounces of the substance. This was to be in their residence.Ã‚

Friday, January 31, 2020

Media Impacts on ChildrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Rights Essay Example for Free

Media Impacts on ChildrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Rights Essay Child abuse gives most people a vision of the faults and blunders of the society. Child mistreatment is one of the most common crimes committed in the present. As for the Philippines, one can find vital statistics to certain crimes at the Bantay Bata 163 website (http://www.abs-cbn.com/bantaybata163). According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), 6,494 cases of child abuse were reported for the year of 2006 alone. Indeed, the government and certain non-government organizations must deal with these incidents of child abuse particularly the mass media. This paper examines the role of the media in relation to child abuse and child protection and argues that the media have been essential to the task of placing the problem of child abuse in the minds of the public and on the political agenda. THE MASS MEDIA According to YourDictionary.com, Mass Media is those means of communication that reach and influence large numbers of people, especially newspapers, popular magazines, radio, and television. Mass Media are those media that are created to be consumed by immense number of population worldwide and also a direct contemporary instrument of mass communication. Nonetheless, Mass Media is considered as the fourth estate of the society as well. It is the fourth branch of the government. It is the voice and weapon of the people and the society as whole. Mass media has various purposes, first is for entertainment, traditionally through performances of acting, music, and sports, along with light reading but since the late 20th century it can also be through video and computer games. Next is for public service announcement which is intended to modify public attitudes by raising awareness about specific issues like health and safety. And lastly is for advocacy. This can be forÃ‚ both business and social concerns. This can include advertising, marketing, propaganda, public relations and political communication. MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS As stated by the Secretary- General of the United Nations in 1998, Human Rights are Ã¢â‚¬Ëœwhat reason requires and what conscience commandsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Mizuta, 2000). It is commonly recognized that human rights are firm foundations of human existence and co-existence. It is for these human rights that the United Nations is engaged in securing the basic conditions of life, in ensuring peace, development, a safe environment, food, shelter, education, participation, equal opportunities and protection against intolerance in any form. The Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights expicitly states that: Ã¢â‚¬Ëœevery individual and every organ of the society, keeping this Declaration constatly inmind, shall strive by teaching education to promote respect for these rights and freedomÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hamelink, 2000). With this, we can say that all (including different institutions) are responsible in promoting human rights. Mass media present the opportunity to communicate to large numbers of people and to target particular groups of people. As observed by Gamble and Gamble (1999), mass communication is significantly different from other forms of communication. They note that mass communication has the capacity to reach simultaneously many thousands of people who are not related to the sender. It depends on technical devices or machines to quickly distribute messages to diverse audiences often unknown to each other. Thus, media in relation to human rights shows a exceptional characteristic in promoting it. CHILD ABUSE In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. The physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect of children have a long recorded history. In the mid to late 1800s, it was reported that children were often sexually assaulted, that children reported honestly about their abuse, and that the perpetrators of abuse were often the childrens fathers and brothers (Olafsen, Corwin and Summit 1993). Every year, millions of children across the world are becoming innocent helpless targets of atrocities. They are the sufferers of ill-treatment, exploitation, and brutality. They are part of human trafficking to induce into prostitution rackets. In terror prone regions, they are kidnapped from their homes and schools and their innocent childhood is forced into the army to witness the brunt of cruelty. They are enforced into debt repression or other kinds of slavery. In Metro Manila, according to Australian study, urbanization and migration continuously increase, children are often forced by circumstances to help their families earn a living. Most street children are of poor parents who have migrated from rural areas to find better job opportunities in the city, but lack of education renders them ill-equipped to earn or survive in the city. Street children have a bleak present and an uncertain future. Life in the street is a constant struggle to overcome the various negative elements that threaten to overtake and destroy the hope for survival. The street child works under the heat of the sun or in the dark of the night from 6 to 16 hours, seven days a week, often in a combination of Ã¢â‚¬Å"occupationsÃ¢â‚¬ each considered their only means to survive. In the cities, neglected and abandoned children find themselves in the streets fending for themselves and vulnerable to the various evils of the urban jungle such as drug addiction, crimes and commercial sexual exploitation. Children who are neglected or abandoned are easy prey not only to accidents but to commercial sexual exploitation, drugs, crime and unwanted pregnancies. Incidents of child abuse is still on the rise especiallyÃ‚ child sexual abuse. Also on the rise are reports of physical abuse and maltreatment of children. According to the statistics, there are approximately 40,000 to 50,000 street children of all categories in Metro Manila. Studies conducted reveal that the number of street children range from 2 to 3% of the child and adult population. The national project on street children estimated the number of street children at over 220,000 in 65 major cities as of 1993. There are now about 350 government and non government agencies that are responding to street childre n and their families. The government has given special focus on helping street children with programs focused on health and nutrition, educational assistance, parenting sessions, livelihood and skills training, residential care, foster care and adoption. However for as long as there would be squatter colonies sprouting in urban areas and for as long as there are not enough jobs, street children will continue to dominate in the streets. In a 1993 survey of households, some 16% of households surveyed have children below 12 years old who are left unattended with no supervising adult in the house. This translates to one in six households where children are without adult supervision. The consequences of child abuse are overwhelmingly disturbing. It denies a child its basic right-education. While violence and abuse pose a threat to their life, it also offers more devastating adverse effects on their mental and physical health. Often it leads to homelessness, resulting in increased number of cases of vagrancy giving birth to a feeling of depression. To worsen the scenario, these victims are more likely to abuse their own children in future, thanks to the deep impact on their mind and the cycle will continue forever. Though the agony and the plight of these children remain suppressed in silence, the brunt of their exploitation is very real. Although, the whole world is morally fuming at the abuse children endure. Yet, protection laws against child abuse commonly meet with confrontation at all strata of society. Like the protection of human rights, child protection can also be effectively promoted through media. MEDIA ON CHILD PROTECTION The media have been essential to the growth of societyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s awareness of child abuse and neglect, not so much from specific community education campaigns as through ongoing news and features reporting on specific cases, research and intervention initiatives (Gough 1996). Media representations are the primary source of information on social problems for many people (Hutson and Liddiard 1994). Specifically, it is apparent that the mediaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s conceptualization of children and young people, and media reporting on both physical discipline of children and child abuse, is significant in reflecting and defining societyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s perceptions of children and young people (Franklin and Horwath 1996), and what is and what is not acceptable behavior towards children. In addition to news stories, feature articles, and investigative journalism, sporadic mass media education and prevention campaigns are launched. These campaigns usually endeavor to broaden community knowledge of child abuse and neglect, to influence peoples attitudes towards children and young people, and to change behaviors that contribute to, or precipitate, the problem of child abuse and neglect in our communities (Goddard and Saunders, 2002). The constructive use of mass media can assist in teaching children and young people socially desirable ways of dealing with conflict, knowledge of their rights to integrity and protection from harm, healthy eating habits and lifestyles, and ways to assert themselves and their rights in a positive, acceptable manner. In an Inquiry into the Effects of Television and Multimedia on Children and Families in Victoria, Australia, evaluations of educational television programs, designed either for pre-schoolers or for older children, have suggested their effectiveness in heightening a range of social behaviorsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Friedrich and Stein 1973), diminishing the effects of stereotyping (Johnston and Ettema 1982), increasing preparedness for adolescence (Singer and Singer 1994), and stimulating the discussion of solutions to general social issues (Johnston et. al 1993). The Convention of the rights of the child provides for the right of children to access information and material to those that aimed the promotion of his or her rights. (Hamelink, 1999).Therefore, mass media as aÃ‚ primary source of these information should provide the children proper knowledge of his or her rights. Also, mass media education and prevention campaigns may be designed to target children and young people, providing them with useful information and alerting them to avenues for further information, help and support. Campaigns can also use regular television programs for children. Research suggests that, at least in the short term, television viewing of such programs may increase childrens and young peoples knowledge and positively change attitudes and behaviors. Unfortunately, longitudinal studies exploring sustained effects are rare and thus inconclusive. It further notes that television is one of the most popular forms of mass communication and entertainment in has been under-utilized as an educative tool, and suggests that perhaps narrow vision has meant that the deliberate use of television simultaneously to entertain and educate has not been fully recognized. Despite this, Postman (1994) has argued that television is rapidly becoming the first curriculum, with educational institutions such as schools following behind. Further, campaigns may be designed to give children and young people an opportunity to express their views on issues that affect them, specifically targeting adult audiences that habitually ignore the views and experiences of children and young people. The UK Childrens Express is one example, as is Youth Forum in Melbournes Herald Sun newspaper. .Research on the physical punishment of children suggests, for example, that adults may be interested to hear childrens views on the issue of physical discipline, and children interviewed in the research were keen for adults to hear their views. To date, however, the media rarely, if ever, consults children and takes their views into account before reporting on the physical punishment for children (Goddard and Saunders, 2000) MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNS Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ EVERY CHILD IS IMPORTANT (Australia, May 2000) This primary prevention campaign used a comforting approach and incorporated a significant mass media component (Tucci et. al2001). As outlined in More action less talk! Community responses to child abuse prevention (Tucci, et. al 2001), the campaign sought to: elicit a commitment from adults to adults to develop safe and non-abusive relationships with children; persuade adults to stop behaving in ways which are harmful to children; educate adults about the important needs of children; and better inform adults about the causes and consequences of child abuse. The campaign encouraged all adults to: think and view children as a source of hope; understand the developmental variables of children; respect the meaning children give to their experiences; engage positively with the principles of childrens rights; and appreciate more fully the capacities and contribution of children to the cultural and emotional life of families and communities. The campaign also addressed: the commonly held belief that children are a cost to society; the perceived suspicion that any application of the notion of childrens rights will mean an erosion of parents rights; and the publics lack of understanding about the extent and nature of child abuse in Australia. The campaign continued until the end of 2001. A song, written by Van Morrison and performed by Rod Stewart, Have I Told You Lately That I Love You, was the focus of a television advertising campaign that aimed to stimulate peoples thoughts about the importance and value of children and how this is communicated to them. Television commercials were backed up by press and radio advertisements. In addition to advertising, the campaign sought media attention by involving Tracy Bartram, FOX FM radio personality, as an ambassador for the campaign. Media attention was drawn to the campaigns launch. A free information kit for parents was made available, parents seminar sessions, featuring Michael Grose, were conducted, and a website made readily available to the public. The campaign did not receive state or federal funding but relied heavily on in-kind support from individuals and Victorian businesses. Quantum Market Research monitored the effectiveness of the campaign. InÃ‚ May 2000 and October 2000 telephone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 301 adults. Public dissemination of research outcomes formed part of the campaign strategy. Tucci et al. (2001) report that the initial research findings, five months into the campaign, revealed that: Child abuse is as serious social problem that is poorly understood by the Victorian public while fifty one per cent of respondents believed the community recognized child abuse as a serious social problem and another twenty one per cent believed they accurately understood the extent and nature of child abuse in Australia, this is clearly not the case. Fifty nine per cent were unable even to guess the number of reports of child abuse received annually. Only four per cent of respondents accurately estimated the size of the problem. Twenty-nine per cent of respondents underestimated the problem by at least 90,000 reports. The idea that adults can hurt children is disturbing and likely underpins the belief by fifty one per cent of respondents that the community treats this issue seriously, but when asked to account for the extent to which children are being abused by adults, community awareness is sadly lacking. Eighty per cent of respondents strongly supported the need for a campaign against child abuse. Australians Against Child Abuse thus feels confident that the Every Child is Important campaign will significantly influence public attitudes and responses to children and to child abuse. Ongoing research into the impact of the campaign will in itself be valuable in contributing to the debate about the educative and cost effectiveness of mass media campaigns aimed at preventing child abuse and neglect. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ NSPCC Full Stop Campaign Primary Prevention (United Kingdom, May 1999) It has the ambitious aim of ending cruelty to children within 20 years. Costing three million pounds, it proposes to change attitudes and behaviour towards children, to make it everybodys business to protect children, and to launch new services and approaches (Boztas, 1999). The campaign is supported by Prince Andrew, popular personalities such as the Spice Girls, the English football star Alan Shearer, and companies such as British Telecom and Microsoft. As Rudaizky (quoted in Hall 1999) explains, a pictorial theme of the campaign is people covering their eyes: The theme of the eyes being covered is about people not facing up to the reality of what is happening. Our intention was not to shock but to move people into doing something about it. Child abuse is not nice to talk about. It is an upsetting subject but unless we talk about it, we will not end it. This objective highlights the suppression/awareness phenomenon mentioned above, and draws attention again to the need for ongoing rather than intermittent prevention campaigns. FAMILIES Ã¢â‚¬â€œ University of Queensland Sanders et al. (2000) evaluated Families a 12-part prevention-focused television series designed to provide empirically validated parenting information in an interesting and entertaining format. The series presented a parenting model, suggesting strategies parents could use with their children. It aimed to reassure parents that it is normal for parenting to be challenging, and it hoped to increase parents confidence that positive changes in childrens behavior were achievable. The series also aimed to increase awareness in the community of the importance of positive family relationships to the positive development of young people (Sanders et al. 2000). This media-based television series was considered to be successful, specifically in relation to its impact on increasing the parenting confidence of mothers. However, Sanders et al. (2000) concluded that the impact of the series could have been increased: by the strategic provision of service support systems, such as telephone information contact lines or parenting resource centers, which could be advertised as part of a coordinated media strategy planned to coincide with the airing of the television program. These services could provide information and back-up resources, such as parenting tip sheets, to parents seeking further advice after viewing the program. Staff at these centers could also identify andÃ‚ refer families who may need more intensive help. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ BEYOND BELIEF (United Kingdom, 1992) A documentary claimed to show new evidence of satanic/ritual abuse in Britain. Following the program, helplines were overloaded with calls from people who had experienced sexual or ritual abuse. Counsellors noted that: The program appeared to have given callers permission to speak of their experiences and their gratitude that someone, somewhere took what they said seriously. (Scott 1993) Henderson, a fellow at Glasgow Universitys mass media unit, as quoted by Hellen (1998) commented that: A lot of people who have suffered child abuse quite simply lack the vocabulary, because of shame or fear, to come to terms with what has happened. Provided a drama does not place blame on the child, it can be very helpful. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ BBC Screenplay It has been suggested that sometimes drama reaches the parts the documentary cannot (Campbell 1989). Writing about Testimony of a Child, a BBC screenplay that presents the other side of the Cleveland child sexual abuse saga the story of an abused child going home to [the] abuser, Campbell argues that sexual assault presents television with terrible problems. Television is about seeing. But it censors what we need to see if we are to understand because it bows to propriety and thus contains what is knowable (Campbell 1989).Despite this, Campbell (1989) notes the power of fictitious drama based on fact to: invite you to think: what would you do if faced with that childs face, his fantasies full of terror and death, his starvation, his stubborn silences, his sore bum. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ COLD HANDS- (New South Wales, 1993) Armstrong (1993) argued that the play portrays a week in the life of a 12 year-old girl sexually assaulted by her father and got pregnant. TheÃ‚ plays focus allows the audience to gain an insight into the childs fear and trauma, the fathers feeble rationalization and defense, and the mothers fear of confronting the truth. Armstrong noted that the New South Wales Child Protection Council showed professional interest in the play and that plays have been used as part of child abuse awareness campaigns. The plays director, Ritchie (as quoted by Armstrong 1993) remarked that: The play is powerful, dramatic, presenting practical and emotional reality. It is confronting, but it emphasizes the fact that there is no excuse. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ QUESTIONS 2: Killing Tomorrow New Zealand A documentary, screened in New Zealand in 2001, graphically depicts the lives and abuse of three children. During the documentary, a Detective Inspector informs the audience that the drama is based on the lives of real people, and the audience is told how life turned out for the children and their abusers. Only those with ice in their veins could fail to be moved and there lies the problem. In each case, one adult or more had failed to take responsibility for the safety of a defenseless child (Herrick 2001). Reporting in The New Zealand Herald, Herrick asks what can programs like this possibly expect to achieve. Twenty years ago, polite society didnt even acknowledge abuse existed, let alone talk about it. So shows like this, which provoke thought and discussion, must be a sign of progress, even if the statistics say otherwise. Killing tomorrow was punishing if compelling viewing. Supported by New Zealands child protection authority, Child Youth and Family Services (CYFS), consider documentaries like Killing Tomorrow to be a powerful way of educating people about the issues and what can be done to protect children. We want to create an environment where child abuse is less able to exist and were pleased Screentime-Communicado has decided to help raise these serious issues (Brown, CYFS chief executive quoted in TheÃ‚ New Zealand Herald 28/11/01). After the program was screened there was a panel discussion of the issues presented in the documentary and CYFS booklets that provide tips on parenting were made available to the public. Child protection received 211 phone calls during the documentary and on the night it was screened. Fifty-three child abuse investigations resulted, five of which cases were considered very urgent [and were] assigned immediately to social workers for investigation (Ward, CYFS spokesperson, quoted in The New Zealand Herald 30/11/01). Also quoted in the New Zealand Herald 30/11/01 was Simcock, the National Social Services spokesperson: The documentary showed community groups were doing their best on the issue but government measures were sadly lacking the most helpful thing the government could do was to change the law that allowed parents to hit children. While the documentary appears to have raised awareness of child abuse and prompted some people to act on their suspicions of abuse and neglect, Henare, a Child Abuse Prevention Services spokesperson, noted that the objective of the documentary would not be reached without enough money for community providers (quoted in The New Zealand Herald 30/11/01). These are only some examples of media campaigns. There were still lots more evidences the media protecting children around the globe from abuse. Though media shows a remarkable effort in the child protection system, people can not stay away from the fact that there are still several problems these media campaigns face. MEDIA PROBLEMS IN CHILD PROTECTION CAMPAIGN Journalists willing to advocate for children and young people face the challenge of counterbalancing negative images or demonisationÃ¢â‚¬Ëœ(Franklin and Horwath 1996) of children and, particularly, of adolescents, in print, television and film. Starkly contrasting with once popular views ofÃ‚ childhood as a time of innocence, less than positive images of children and young people in the media may place obstacles in the path of attempts to prevent their abuse and neglect. In 1968, 11-yearold Mary Bell murdered two boys, aged three and four in the UK. Twenty-five years later, in 1993, two ten-year-old boys murdered two-year-old Jamie Bulger in the UK, and in Australia in 1998, a ten-year-old boy was charged with drowning a six-year-old playmate. In such cases, a child being able to open his or her mind in abusive acts might be the perpetrator of maltreatment to his or her fellow. Psychologically, the Social Information Processing Theory of Aggression, comes here. According to Strasburger (1995), the central tenet of social information processing theory is that children create their own rationales to explain the behavior of others during social during social encounters. In turn, these self- generated interpretation influence childrenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s responses in their ongoing social interaction. Given that mental state operate in a feedback loop, it is possible that all social experiences, including those involving violent media, could influence social information processing. CONCLUSION Society sometimes fails to recognize that children are the most vulnerable group in our community, and are thus in need of the greatest protection. The social and economic costs to societies that have not prioritized childrens needs, especially the prevention of child abuse and neglect, are well documented. This paper focused on news stories, feature articles and investigative journalism. In this, we have concentrated on mass media education and prevention campaigns, television series, documentaries, and live theatre productions. It demonstrate the medias potential power to positively influence child welfare policies, community responses to children and young people, and societal acknowledgement of, and reaction to, child abuse and neglect. It challenges those who are involved in child welfare and child protection to make greater efforts to understand media influences and to useÃ‚ the media constructively. Sustained community education and prevention campaigns, using mass media communication, are integral to the prevention of child abuse and neglect. These campaigns continually confront communities with the reality of child abuse. They challenge people, institutions, and governments to listen to children and to respond to the needs of all children and families, and particularly the special needs of children who have been abused or neglected. Further, sustained mass media exposure of child abuse and neglect may publicly censure and shame perpetrators, many of whom are relatives and adults well known to the victimized child. According to Tucci (2002), the agenda for our community and the government which represents us should be clear. The prevention of child abuse should be a priority. However, to be effective, mass media campaigns will need to be part of a broader prevention program that includes the provision of supports and services for all children and families. There are limitations to what the media can achieve. REFERENCES: Armstrong, M. (1993), The cold realities of child sex abuse, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 November Boztas, S. (1999), Prince Andrew launches crusade against child cruelty. The Daily Telegraph, 23/3/99. Franklin, B. and Horwath, J. (1996). The media abuse of children: Jakes progress from demonic icon to restored childhood. Child Abuse Review. Friedrich, L. and Stein, A. (1973). Aggressive and prosocial television programs and the natural behaviour of preschool children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Gamble, T. and Gamble, M. (1999). Communication works. McGraw Hill Publications. Goddard, C. and Saunders, B.J. (2000), The role of the media, in Project Axis Child Sexual Abuse in Queensland: Selected Research Papers. Goddard, Chris. , Saunders, Bernadette. (2002). The role of mass media in facilitating community education and child abuse prevention strategies. Child Abuse Prevention Issues Number 16. Gough, D. (1996), Defining the problem Child Abuse Neglect, Vol. 20. Hall, C. (1999), NSPCC shock tactics to tackle child abuse, The Daily Telegraph. Hamelink, Cees. (2000). Media and Human Rights. Media and Human Rights in Asia: an AMIC Compilation. Singapore: AMIC. Hellen, N. (1998), Bennett pens TV child sex drama, Sunday Times, 5 October. Herrick, L. (2001), Truth of abuse too powerful to ignore, The New Zealand Herald, 21 December Hutson, S. and Liddiard, M. (1994). Youth homelessness: The construction of a social issue. Macmillan Publication Johnston, J. and Ettema, J. (1982). Positive images: Breaking stereotypes with childrens television. Sage Publications. Johnston, J. Bauman, J. Milne, L. and Urdan, T. (1993). Taking the measure of talking with TJ: An evaluation of the first implementation of talking with J Series 1, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan Publishers. Mizuta, Kayoko. (2000). Human Rights and Media. Media and Human Rights in Asia: an AMIC Compilation. Singapore: AMIC. Olafsen, R., Corwin, D. and Summit, R. (1993). Modern history of child sexual abuse awareness: Cycles of discovery and suppression. Child Abuse and Neglect. Postman, N. (1994). The disappearance of childhood. Vintage Books. Sanders, M.R., Montgomery, D.T. and Brechman-Toussaint, M.L. (2000), The mass-media and the prevention of child behavior problems: The evaluation of a television series to promote positive outcomes for parents and their children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Singer, D. and Singer, A. (1981). Television, imagination and aggression: A study of preschoolers Sage Publications. Strasburger, Victor. (1995). Adolescents and the Media: Medical and Psychological Impact. Sage Publications. Tucci, J. Goddard, C. and Mitchell, J. (2001). More Action Less Talk! Community responses to child abuse prevention, Australians Against Child Abuse. Ringwood.